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Page v



		Contents



		Preface



		xv



		Acknowledgments



		xvii



		1 Architecture and Machines



		1



		1.1 Some Definitions and Terms



		3



		1.2 Interpretation and Microprogramming



		5



		1.3 The Instruction Set



		9



		1.4 Basic Data Types



		13



		1.5 Instructions



		21



		1.5.1 Classes of Operations



		21



		1.5.2 Instruction Mnemonics



		25



		1.5.3 General Machine Conventions



		26



		1.5.4 Branches



		30



		1.5.5 Register Sets and Addressing Modes



		32



		1.5.6 Instruction Code Examples



		33



		1.5.7 Other Instruction Set Issues



		35



		1.5.8 Program Size



		37



		1.6 Addressing and Memory



		39



		1.6.1 Process Addressing



		39



		1.6.2 System Addresses and Segmentation



		41



		1.6.3 Memory Space



		43



		1.7 Virtual to Real Mapping



		45



		1.8 Basic Instruction Timing



		47



		1.8.1 Examples of Well-mapped Machine Instruction Timing



		49



		1.8.2 Overlapped and Pipelined Processors



		53



		1.9 Conclusions



		53



		1.10 Historical Development of Computers



		54



		1.11 Annotated Bibliography



		56



		1.12 Problem Set



		58

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